fail-safe analysis概念簡介

從事 meta-analysis 以彙整療效時，常因漏掉未發表的文獻（常因未「無效」而未發表或未被接受刊登），而高估療效。
fail-safe analysis 即是用來估計，以現有 meta-analysis 所得之療效（一般以 effect size 呈現）而言，需要多少個無效的研究結果（也就是未發表且無效的文獻）才會將現有分析所得之療效降低至「無效」。

以彬心(4/14)報告的論文為例說明：
For the combination of these bilateral movement findings (effect size 為 0.732 (0.5以上為中度療效)), 48 null effect results are necessary to reduce the overall effect size to an insignificant value. 需要48個無效的研究結果（也就是未發表的文獻），才會將所有療效之彙整，拉低到「無效」。

some articles FYI

1. Platz T, Eickhof C, van Kaick S, Engel U, Pinkowski C, Kalok S, Pause M. Impairment-oriented training or Bobath therapy for severe arm paresis after stroke: a single-blind, multicentre randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2005 Oct;19(7):714-24.
2. Takeuchi N, Chuma T, Matsuo Y, Watanabe I, Ikoma K. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of contralesional primary motor cortex improves hand function after stroke. Stroke. 2005 Dec;36(12):2681-6.

FYI

Pizzi A, Carlucci G, Falsini C, Verdesca S, Grippo A. Application of a volar static splint in poststroke spasticity of the upper limb. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Sep;86(9):1855-9.

Barker, R.; Brauer, S. Upper limb recovery after stroke: The stroke survivors' perspective. Disability and Rehabilitation (ISSN: 0963-8288); Volume 27, No. 20, pp. 1213-1223(11); 2005.

Chen JC, Liang CC, Shaw FZ. Facilitation of sensory and motor recovery by thermal intervention for the hemiplegic upper limb in acute stroke patients: a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Stroke. 2005 Dec;36(12):2665-9.

Journal meeting 之順序

1. 10/5 應是復健部之 lecture，擬順延一週至10/12，OK？
2. 後續的順序，也就是10/19由筱琦報告。
3. 那10/26之後請自行認領囉。。。
10/26 由彬心報告。
後續請認領。。。

近2年，中風病人上肢功能療效驗證相關文獻

最近一週2篇相關文獻：
Hidler J, Nichols D, Pelliccio M, Brady K. Advances in the understanding and treatment of stroke impairment using robotic devices. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2005 Spring;12(2):22-35.
Hodics T, Cohen LG. Functional neuroimaging in motor recovery after stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2005 Spring;12(2):15-21. Review.

其它：
1. Messier S, Bourbonnais D, Desrosiers J, Roy Y. Weight-bearing on the lower limbs in a sitting position during bilateral movement of the upper limbs in post-stroke hemiparetic subjects. J Rehabil Med. 2005 Jul;37(4):242-6.
2. Cho YW, Jang SH, Lee ZI, Song JC, Lee HK, Lee HY. Effect and appropriate restriction period of constraint-induced movement therapy in hemiparetic patients with brain injury: a brief report. NeuroRehabilitation. 2005;20(2):71-4.
3. Cauraugh JH, Kim SB, Duley A. Coupled bilateral movements and active neuromuscular stimulation: intralimb transfer evidence during bimanual aiming. Neurosci Lett. 2005 Jul 1-8;382(1-2):39-44.
4. Cauraugh JH, Summers JJ. Neural plasticity and bilateral movements: A rehabilitation approach for chronic stroke.Prog Neurobiol. 2005 Apr;75(5):309-20.
5. Yen JG, Wang RY, Chen HH, Hong CT. Effectiveness of modified constraint-induced movement therapy on upper limb function in stroke subjects.Acta Neurol Taiwan. 2005 Mar;14(1):16-20.
6. Suputtitada A, Suwanwela NC, Tumvitee S. Effectiveness of constraint-induced movement therapy in chronic stroke patients.J Med Assoc Thai. 2004 Dec;87(12):1482-90.
7. de Kroon JR, Ijzerman MJ, Chae J, Lankhorst GJ, Zilvold G. Relation between stimulation characteristics and clinical outcome in studies using electrical stimulation to improve motor control of the upper extremity in stroke.J Rehabil Med. 2005 Mar;37(2):65-74.
8. van Vliet PM, Lincoln NB, Foxall A. Comparison of Bobath based and movement science based treatment for stroke: a randomised controlled trial. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Apr;76(4):503-8.
9. Wang RY, Chen HI, Chen CY, Yang YR. Efficacy of Bobath versus orthopaedic approach on impairment and function at different motor recovery stages after stroke: a randomized controlled study. Clin Rehabil. 2005 Mar;19(2):155-64.
10. Page SJ, Levine P, Leonard AC. Effects of mental practice on affected limb use and function in chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Mar;86(3):399-402.
11. Kluding P, Billinger SA. Exercise-induced changes of the upper extremity in chronic stroke survivors. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2005 Winter;12(1):58-68.
12. Jette DU, Latham NK, Smout RJ, Gassaway J, Slavin MD, Horn SD. Physical therapy interventions for patients with stroke in inpatient rehabilitation facilities.Phys Ther. 2005 Mar;85(3):238-48.
13. Leroux A. Exercise training to improve motor performance in chronic stroke: effects of a community-based exercise program.Int J Rehabil Res. 2005 Mar;28(1):17-23.
14. Dettmers C, Teske U, Hamzei F, Uswatte G, Taub E, Weiller C. Distributed form of constraint-induced movement therapy improves functional outcome and quality of life after stroke.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Feb;86(2):204-9.
15. Sterr A. Training-based interventions in motor rehabilitation after stroke: theoretical and clinical considerations.Behav Neurol. 2004;15(3-4):55-63.
16. Page SJ, Levine P, Leonard AC. Modified constraint-induced therapy in acute stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study.Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2005 Mar;19(1):27-32.
17. Hummel F, Cohen LG. Improvement of motor function with noninvasive cortical stimulation in a patient with chronic stroke.Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2005 Mar;19(1):14-9.
18. Pomeroy VM, Clark CA, Miller JS, Baron JC, Markus HS, Tallis RC. The potential for utilizing the "mirror neurone system" to enhance recovery of the severely affected upper limb early after stroke: a review and hypothesis.Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2005 Mar;19(1):4-13.
19. Luke C, Dodd KJ, Brock K. Outcomes of the Bobath concept on upper limb recovery following stroke. Clin Rehabil. 2004 Dec;18(8):888-98.
20. Levine P, Page SJ. Modified constraint-induced therapy: a promising restorative outpatient therapy. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2004 Fall;11(4):1-10.
21. Blennerhassett J, Dite W. Additional task-related practice improves mobility and upper limb function early after stroke: a randomised controlled trial.Aust J Physiother. 2004;50(4):219-24.
22. Alberts JL, Butler AJ, Wolf SL. The effects of constraint-induced therapy on precision grip: a preliminary study.Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2004 Dec;18(4):250-8.
23. Walker-Batson D, Smith P, Curtis S, Unwin DH. Neuromodulation paired with learning dependent practice to enhance post stroke recovery?Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2004;22(3-5):387-92.
24. Deutsch JE, Merians AS, Adamovich S, Poizner H, Burdea GC. Development and application of virtual reality technology to improve hand use and gait of individuals post-stroke.Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2004;22(3-5):371-86.
25. Hesse S. Recovery of gait and other motor functions after stroke: novel physical and pharmacological treatment strategies.Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2004;22(3-5):359-69.
26. Hogan N, Krebs HI. Interactive robots for neuro-rehabilitation.Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2004;22(3-5):349-58.
27. Cauraugh JH. Coupled rehabilitation protocols and neural plasticity: upper extremity improvements in chronic hemiparesis.Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2004;22(3-5):337-47.
28. Liepert J, Hamzei F, Weiller C. Lesion-induced and training-induced brain reorganization.Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2004;22(3-5):269-77.
29. Mark VW, Taub E. Constraint-induced movement therapy for chronic stroke hemiparesis and other disabilities.Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2004;22(3-5):317-36.
30. Luft AR, McCombe-Waller S, Whitall J, Forrester LW, Macko R, Sorkin JD, Schulz JB, Goldberg AP, Hanley DF. Repetitive bilateral arm training and motor cortex activation in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.JAMA. 2004 Oct 20;292(15):1853-61.
31. Aoyagi Y, Tsubahara A. Therapeutic orthosis and electrical stimulation for upper extremity hemiplegia after stroke: a review of effectiveness based on evidence.Top Stroke Rehabil. 2004 Summer;11(3):9-15.
32. Thielman GT, Dean CM, Gentile AM. Rehabilitation of reaching after stroke: task-related training versus progressive resistive exercise.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Oct;85(10):1613-8.
33. Boian R, Sharma A, Han C, Merians A, Burdea G, Adamovich S, Recce M, Tremaine M, Poizner H. Virtual reality-based post-stroke hand rehabilitation.Stud Health Technol Inform. 2002;85:64-70.
34. Grotta JC, Noser EA, Ro T, Boake C, Levin H, Aronowski J, Schallert T. Constraint-induced movement therapy.Stroke. 2004 Nov;35
35. Piron L, Tonin P, Trivello E, Battistin L, Dam M. Motor tele-rehabilitation in post-stroke patients.Med Inform Internet Med. 2004 Jun;29(2):119-25.
36. Bolton DA, Cauraugh JH, Hausenblas HA. Electromyogram-triggered neuromuscular stimulation and stroke motor recovery of arm/hand functions: a meta-analysis.J Neurol Sci. 2004 Aug 30;223(2):121-7.
37. Stein J, Krebs HI, Frontera WR, Fasoli SE, Hughes R, Hogan N. Comparison of two techniques of robot-aided upper limb exercise training after stroke.Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Sep;83(9):720-8.
38. Dijkerman HC, Letswaart M, Johnston M, MacWalter RS. Does motor imagery training improve hand function in chronic stroke patients? A pilot study.Clin Rehabil. 2004 Aug;18(5):538-49.
39. Stinear JW, Byblow WD. Rhythmic bilateral movement training modulates corticomotor excitability and enhances upper limb motricity poststroke: a pilot study.J Clin Neurophysiol. 2004 Mar-Apr;21(2):124-31.
40. de Kroon JR, IJzerman MJ, Lankhorst GJ, Zilvold G. Electrical stimulation of the upper limb in stroke: stimulation of the extensors of the hand vs. alternate stimulation of flexors and extensors.Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Aug;83(8):592-600.
41. Jang SH, Kim YH, Chang Y, Han BS, Byun WM, Chang CH. The predictive value of cortical activation by passive movement for motor recovery in stroke patients.Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2004;22(2):59-63.
42. Gaggioli A, Morganti F, Walker R, Meneghini A, Alcaniz M, Lozano JA, Montesa J, Gil JA, Riva G. Training with computer-supported motor imagery in post-stroke rehabilitation.Cyberpsychol Behav. 2004 Jun;7(3):327-32.
43. Fasoli SE, Krebs HI, Stein J, Frontera WR, Hughes R, Hogan N. Robotic therapy for chronic motor impairments after stroke: Follow-up results.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jul;85(7):1106-11.
44. Lindberg P, Schmitz C, Forssberg H, Engardt M, Borg J. Effects of passive-active movement training on upper limb motor function and cortical activation in chronic patients with stroke: a pilot study.J Rehabil Med. 2004 May;36(3):117-23.
45. Michaelsen SM, Levin MF. Short-term effects of practice with trunk restraint on reaching movements in patients with chronic stroke: a controlled trial.Stroke. 2004 Aug;35(8):1914-9.
46. Ward NS, Brown MM, Thompson AJ, Frackowiak RS. The influence of time after stroke on brain activations during a motor task.Ann Neurol. 2004 Jun;55(6):829-34.
47. Lewis GN, Byblow WD. Bimanual coordination dynamics in poststroke hemiparetics.J Mot Behav. 2004 Jun;36(2):174-88.
48. Stein J. Motor recovery strategies after stroke.Top Stroke Rehabil. 2004 Spring;11(2):12-22.
49. van der Lee JH, Beckerman H, Knol DL, de Vet HC, Bouter LM. Clinimetric properties of the motor activity log for the assessment of arm use in hemiparetic patients.Stroke. 2004 Jun;35(6):1410-4.
50. Winstein CJ, Rose DK, Tan SM, Lewthwaite R, Chui HC, Azen SP. A randomized controlled comparison of upper-extremity rehabilitation strategies in acute stroke: A pilot study of immediate and long-term outcomes.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Apr;85(4):620-8.
50.Feys H, De Weerdt W, Verbeke G, Steck GC, Capiau C, Kiekens C, Dejaeger E, Van Hoydonck G, Vermeersch G, Cras P. Early and repetitive stimulation of the arm can substantially improve the long-term outcome after stroke: a 5-year follow-up study of a randomized trial.Stroke. 2004 Apr;35(4):924-9.
51. Page SJ, Sisto S, Levine P, McGrath RE. Efficacy of modified constraint-induced movement therapy in chronic stroke: a single-blinded randomized controlled trial.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jan;85(1):14-8.
52. Crosbie JH, McDonough SM, Gilmore DH, Wiggam MI. The adjunctive role of mental practice in the rehabilitation of the upper limb after hemiplegic stroke: a pilot study.Clin Rehabil. 2004 Feb;18(1):60-8.
53. McCombe Waller S, Whitall J. Fine motor control in adults with and without chronic hemiparesis: baseline comparison to nondisabled adults and effects of bilateral arm training.Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Jul;85(7):1076-83.
54. Rose DK, Winstein CJ. Bimanual training after stroke: are two hands better than one?Top Stroke Rehabil. 2004 Fall;11(4):20-30
55. Fasoli SE, Krebs HI, Hogan N. Robotic technology and stroke rehabilitation: translating research into practice.Top Stroke Rehabil. 2004 Fall;11(4):11-9.
56. Lannin NA, Herbert RD. Is hand splinting effective for adults following stroke? A systematic review and methodologic critique of published research.Clin Rehabil. 2003 Dec;17(8):807-16.
57. Barreca S, Wolf SL, Fasoli S, Bohannon R. Treatment interventions for the paretic upper limb of stroke survivors: a critical review.Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2003 Dec;17(4):220-6.
58. Ferraro M, Palazzolo JJ, Krol J, Krebs HI, Hogan N, Volpe BT. Robot-aided sensorimotor arm training improves outcome in patients with chronic stroke.Neurology. 2003 Dec 9;61(11):1604-7.

下週（9/28）及10/5之 journal meeting

• 怡君下週分享"Hesse S, Werner C, Pohl M, Rueckriem S, Mehrholz J, Lingnau ML. Computerized arm training improves the motor control of the severely affected arm after stroke: a single-blinded randomized trial in two centers. Stroke. 2005 Sep;36(9):1960-6."
• 怡萱下下週分享"Nichols-Larsen DS, Clark PC, Zeringue A, Greenspan A, Blanton S. Factors influencing stroke survivors' quality of life during subacute recovery. Stroke. 2005 Jul;36(7):1480-4."

我已列印給成人相關之 staff, 小兒 staff 若有興趣閱讀，請跟我講。

ADL & stroke 相關文獻

• Ahmed S, Mayo NE, Corbiere M, Wood-Dauphinee S, Hanley J, Cohen R. Change in quality of life of people with stroke over time: true change or response shift? Qual Life Res. 2005 Apr;14(3):611-27.
• Page SJ, Levine P, Leonard AC. Effects of mental practice on affected limb use and function in chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Mar;86(3):399-402.
• Hopwood V, Lewith GT. Does acupuncture help stroke patients become more independent? J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Feb;11(1):175-7.
• Stephens S, Kenny RA, Rowan E, Kalaria RN, Bradbury M, Pearce R, Wesnes K, Ballard CG. Association between mild vascular cognitive impairment and impaired activities of daily living in older stroke survivors without dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Jan;53(1):103-7.
• Claesson L, Linden T, Skoog I, Blomstrand C. Cognitive impairment after stroke - impact on activities of daily living and costs of care for elderly people. The Goteborg 70+ Stroke Study. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005;19(2):102-9.
• Francis HP, Wade DT, Turner-Stokes L, Kingswell RS, Dott CS, Coxon EA. Does reducing spasticity translate into functional benefit? An exploratory meta-analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004 Nov;75(11):1547-51.
• Bode RK, Heinemann AW, Semik P, Mallinson T. Relative importance of rehabilitation therapy characteristics on functional outcomes for persons with stroke. Stroke. 2004 Nov;35(11):2537-42.
• Ancheta J, Husband M, Law D, Reding M. Initial functional independence measure score and interval post stroke help assess outcome, length of hospitalization, and quality of care. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2000;14(2):127-34.
• Liu KP, Chan CC, Lee TM, Hui-Chan CW. Mental imagery for promoting relearning for people after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Sep;85(9):1403-8.